What's Robot? in fact we don't have a specific definition for robot but we can define robot with some specification.usually it's a mechanical machine but these days we can see some software robots so it can be non mechanical, it's reprogrammable and it can intelligence. for instance in industry it move material,part,tools through variable programmed.
Have you ever thought about future and robots? in fact how they would can change our social life in future? how can AI (Artificial Intelligence) help them for thinking like human?
I would like to see those days when we live with intelligence robots.
As you know Sony is a big company and they work on a wonderful project that named QRIO (quest and curious).Sony's goal is personal entertainment so they produced QRIO , it embodies advance technologies in motion control, communication , artificial intelligence.
Major technology includes stable dynamic walking, dancing and running, full arm movement allowing throwing a ball, voice/face recognition, stereoscopic vision, obstacle avoidance, visual mapping, wireless network and ....
you can find more information about QRIO at sony web site http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/QRIO/

It's so good for any network which are using PAT and they want to have IPSEC ESP from any hosts of its network.really this protocol help to limitation IP V4 (special thanks to the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) for fix this problem in working ESP through PAT)

See detail of this protocol from the following URL :
UDP Encapsulation of IPsec ESP Packets RFC
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3948.html

Generally data network is classified to following :
- Voice
- Mission critical (application like citrix)
- Transactional (E-commerce)
- Best-effort (web,email and ...)
- Less-Than-Best-effort (P2P)
*Note : Cisco recommend that your classification doesn't exceeded from 4 or 5 categorize.

These days Peer 2 Peer file sharing applications are a issue for any network which is connected to internet, because it has many data traffic for instance video,mp3 and other larg files so it cause bad situation when the newtrok has congestion.what do you think when you haven't QoS and all of data flow has same priority? yes ofcourse your voice and other low latency data are experienced loss data.
Cisco content networking architecture help you to classified data in later 4-7, it called Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR) so it can regognition some P2P application like Kazza however it depends on PDLM (packet description language module) which is loaded in your cisco device.
You should download the latest PDLM from Cisco web site to up to date application signatures.

In another aspects NBAR can recognize the HTTP GET packets contain the URL through hostname, mime type as well as it has protocol discovery analyzes application traffic pattern in real time and discovery which traffic is running on the network.it uses SNMP to provide that information.

Regarding to this article see the following commands :
ip nbar pdlm pdlm-file
class-map [match-all | match-any] class-name
policy-map policy-name
class class-name
service-policy output
service-policy input
match protocol protocol-name (like kazza)
match protocol fasttrack file-transfer "regular-expression"
ip nbar protocol-discovery
snmp-sever enable traps cndp

In the early 1950s Herbert Simon, Allen Newell and Cliff Shaw conducted experiments in writing programs to imitate human thought processes. The experiments resulted in a program called Logic Theorist, which consisted of rules of already proved axioms. When a new logical expression was given to it, it would search through all possible operations to discover a proof of the new expression, using heuristics.
This was a major step in the development of AI. The Logic Theorist was capable of quickly solving thirty-eight out of fifty-two problems with proofs that Whitehead and Russel had devised. At the same time, Shanon came out with a paper on the possibility of computers playing chess. Though the works of Simon et al and Shanon demonstrated the concept of intelligent computer programs, the year 1956 is considered to be the start of the topic Artificial Intelligence. This is because the first AI conference, organised by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude Shanon at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, was in 1956. This conference was the first organised effort in the field of machine intelligence. It was at that conference that John McCarthy, the developer of LISP programming language, proposed the term Artificial Intelligence. The Dartmouth conference paved the way for examining the use of computers to process symbols, the need for new languages and the role of computers for theorem proving instead of focusing on hardware that simulated intelligence.

Diffe Hellman is a method for exchange securely shared key between two nodes over untrusted netwrok like internet, it's not encryption method,it's key aggrement protocol that was developed by Diffie and Hellman in 1976.
in fact it generates key between two nodes,it uses a mathematical algorithm with simple concept, let's take a look the following example :

- Node A and Node B agree on two numbers : p and g
p is a larg prime number and q is called the base or generator
- Node A picks a secret number a
- Node B picks a secret number b
- Node A choose public number x = g^a mod p
- Node B choose public number y = g^b mod p
- now Node A knows y and Node B knows x
* in this step they create key as follow :
- Node A k(a) = y^a mod p
- Node B k(b) = x^b mod p
In fact k(a) = k(b) = k (laws of algebra) in this section Node A and Node B know K as shared key.

unfortunately this method hasn't authentication so a man-in-the-middle can attack and decrypt any messages from Node A and Node B.
The authenticated Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol was developed by Diffie, van Oorschot, and Wiener in 1992 to defeat the man-in-the-middle attack. it uses digital signature for authentication each origin.

HMAC(Message) = Hash[(Key XOR OPAD) || Hash(Key XOR IPAD) || Message]
|| means concatenation operation
OPAD (outer padding) = 36hex, repeated as needed
IPAD (inner padding) = 5Chex, repeated as needed

for instance :
message : welcome to ippacket site
secret key : mehrdad
HMAC digest by MD5 = 76960728e94b2693149728b076c614cf
HMAC digest by SHA-1 = 95ab25cb679c193fe141cb92e55126876a5285ea
HMAC digest by RIPEMD160 = fd9bab4a7f4b69d895fbb38f2fb09972c7137c43

MAC is simple than HMAC , it uses encryption like DES.

* HMAC RFC is RFC 2104 you can read it from FAQ.ORG

d is private key and n,e are public key so it's difficult to obtain the private key d from the public key (n, e).
for example when our plaintext = 707
The encrypted data is c = m^e (mod n) :
ciphertext = 707^425(mod 3431) = 2142
then the plaintext is easily retrieved using m = c^d(mod n)
plaintext = 2142^1769(mod 3431) = 707

RSA group 2003 Picture

I believe that any complexity in anythings can kill innovation.
These days we hear about windows OS vulnerability, worm and virus that are intruded to this OS and do wrong functions so this complexity cause complex solutions for solve them.
We can see this situation in some complex network so trubleshooting in these networks are difficult. what's your idea about this complexity?
you can see the following link about this subject :
http://www.securityfocus.com/columnists/300

Tow days ago , i had to open my synthesizer box for check it out for a reason
It has three layers electronic board ,clavier section and other hardware like CDROM,Floppy drive ,HD and port controller.
It was intresting that some electronic boards which are used in clavier section were labaled with YAMAHA! it seems these two companies work together in some parts.
Anyway if you need any hardware for triton studio you can buy them from www.korgparts.com or contact to 800-590-0014 or 802-464-0014